Mineral deposits can be identified and classified according to their environmental sustainability by determining the characteristics of the deposit and its exploitation. Two main parameters were used in the present study, including energy consumption and CO2 emissions.

From an environmental perspective, an underground mine is more energy-efficient than an open pit mine. Best available technologies, appropriate equipment and successful site locations (distance from the mine to the ore processing site, port, or consumption centre) with good infrastructures can improve energy efficiency. Mineral characteristics also affect energy efficiency, including the type and physical properties of the ore (hardness, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and friability). The size of the site clearing, mineral/ waste ratio, and ore processing method must also be considered. Other parameters related to the mineral including the quality, end-use, ore grade and type of gangue, must be determined.