Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD)

Product feature :

lower heavy metal PB ,AS ,Cr

lower impurity and lower sulphate 

lower  chloride 


1. Applications of EMD

(1) Primary Battery Industry (Main Market)

- Zinc-manganese dry cells (R-type, LR alkaline batteries)

- Used as the cathode active material for high discharge capacity, good leakage resistance, and stable voltage.

- High-grade EMD is required for alkaline batteries (LR6, LR03).

(2) Lithium Battery & Energy Storage

- Raw material for lithium-manganese oxide cathode materials (LiMn₂O₄)

- Used in some hybrid capacitors and energy storage devices requiring high purity and crystallinity.

(3) Electronic & Industrial Use

- Soft ferrite materials (high-purity grade)

- Catalyst / oxidizing agent in organic synthesis and environmental treatment

- Ceramic colorants and magnetic materials

(4) Metallurgy & Chemical Industry

- Raw material for high-purity manganese metal, manganese salts

- Oxidant in hydrometallurgy processes

2. Main Raw Materials for EMD Production

(1) Manganese Source Raw Materials

- Manganese ore (primary raw material)

- Pyrolusite (MnO₂)

- Psilomelane, rhodochrosite (MnCO₃)

- High‑purity manganese sulfate solution (MnSO₄) – core electrolyte for electrolysis

- Electrolytic manganese metal flakes / manganese powder (for high‑purity routes)

(2) Electrolyte & Additives

- Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) – to adjust acidity and dissolve manganese ore

- Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) – electrolyte conductivity enhancer

- SeO₂ or selenium compounds – key additive to improve crystal structure and current efficiency

- Other additives: MgSO₄, ZnSO₄, etc., to refine crystal morphology

(3) Water & Energy

- Demineralized / purified water

- Electricity – electrolysis is energy-intensive

(4) Auxiliary Materials

- Anode materials: titanium electrodes (Ti substrate)

- Cathode materials: graphite, lead alloy, or stainless steel

- Filter aids, oxidants (air / oxygen for leaching)

3. Brief Production Principle

- Leach manganese ore with sulfuric acid → prepare manganese sulfate electrolyte

- Purify to remove heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, etc.)

- Electrolyze in electrolytic cell

- Deposit MnO₂ on anode → harvest, crush, wash, dry → EMD product



4. Key Quality Differences by Grade

- Battery-grade EMD: high purity, low heavy metals, high density, suitable particle size

- Industrial-grade EMD: lower cost, wider impurity tolerance

- High-purity EMD: for lithium batteries and electronics, ultra-low Fe, Cu, Pb, Co