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A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. Transistors are one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.

Mechanism

Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. 

Source-Drain Ratings and Characteristics

Silicon Transistor

This was the work of Gordon Teal, an expert in growing crystals of high purity, who had previously worked at Bell Labs.The first working silicon transistor was developed at Bell Labs on January 26, 1954, by Morris Tanenbaum. The first commercial silicon transistor was produced by Texas Instruments in 1954.