Sapphire is the general name for corundum stones of all colors except the red ruby. Its main ingredient is alumina (AI2O3). Sapphire glass is a synthetic sapphire,Gem-grade sapphires can be easily and cheaply produced in the laboratory and have the same chemical composition and physical properties as natural gems.

Synthetic sapphire is transparent single crystal 99.99% pure Al₂O₃ that exhibits a unique combination of physical, chemical, electrical and optical sapphire waferis one of the hardest materials, is come from 99.999％ Al2O3 single crystal,
and possesses very good transmission during the range ofvisible and near IR spectrum.
Since Nobel Laureate in Physics Shuji Nakamura used the sapphire substrate in 1990s for LED, the demand of sapphire crystal has been growing rapidly.

It drives development of new markets like general lighting, backside lighting in TV-sets, displays, consumer appliances, aerospace and defense, and other applications