Cost-effectiveness‌: The copper cladding provides the conductivity benefits of copper while reducing the overall material cost‌.

‌Mechanical Strength‌: The steel  core provides additional mechanical strength, making these conductors suitable for various applications where

durability is important‌.

‌Electrical Properties‌: The copper cladding ensures excellent electrical conductivity,

while the core material can be optimized for specific application requirements‌.

Manufacturing Process and Properties

The manufacturing process involves applying a thin layer of copper to the base material through various techniques such as electroplating or hot dipping.

This process ensures a strong bond between the copper and the base material. The properties of the conductor depend on the thickness of the copper cladding and the type of base material used‌.

Research and Development

Research on copper-clad conductors focuses on improving their electrical and mechanical properties through various processing techniques. Severe plastic deformation and annealing have been studied to optimize the microstructure and properties of these conductors, resulting in enhanced