CNC turning is a typical subtractive manufacturing process that uses cutting tools to remove some material from the outside of the material. When the workpiece rotates (continuously), excess fragments are cut off until it reaches the desired shape,diameter, and size of the fnal product. CNC turning is suitable for cutting metals, wood, plastics, and other polymers. In addition, due to the use of computer-generated programs and codes in this process, its products often have high dimensional accuracy.

CNC milling or manual milling is a machining process used to process prismatic parts. A milling cutter with a rotating cylindrical cutting head and multiple chip grooves is commonly referred to as an end mill or end mill, which can move along different axes and is used to machine narow and elongated spaces, grooves, outer profles, etc. The machine tool used for milling is called a milling machine, and a CNC milling machine usually refers to a CNC machining center. Milling processing includes manual milling and CNC milling.