Cavitation involves millions of microscopic bubbles forming and collapsing rapidly in liquids through high-frequency acoustic waves. This process creates powerful cleaning action through pressure wave interactions.

Ordinary water can be used for cleaning, but specialized cleaning fluids provide superior results by enhancing the cavitation effect and breaking down stubborn contaminants.

Ultrasonic cleaning is safe for most materials. The concentrated energy from bubble implosions effectively removes contaminants without harming delicate instruments. However, certain gemstones and porous materials should be cleaned with caution.

Direct cleaning places items directly in the tank, while indirect cleaning uses separate containers within the tank. Both methods maintain proper fluid levels for optimal performance.