Structural composition
Take the common fuel engine (single-cylinder four-stroke) as an example, its core structure includes:
(I) Crank-connecting rod mechanism
Function: Convert the heat energy of fuel combustion into mechanical energy.
Composition:
Piston: reciprocates in the cylinder and bears the gas pressure.
Connecting rod: connects the piston and the crankshaft to transmit power.
Crankshaft: converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational motion and outputs power.

(II) Valve mechanism
Function: Control the intake and exhaust process in the cylinder.
Composition:
Valve group: includes intake valve, exhaust valve, valve spring, etc., responsible for opening and closing the cylinder channel.
Valve transmission group: drives the valve movement through camshaft, tappet, push rod and other components.

(III) Fuel supply system
Fuel engine:
Gasoline engine: consists of fuel tank, fuel pump, carburetor (or electronic injection system), intake manifold, etc., which mixes gasoline and air into a combustible mixture.
Diesel engine: Diesel is directly injected into the cylinder through a high-pressure oil pump and mixed with high-temperature air for combustion.
Electric engine: It is composed of batteries, electronic control systems (ECU), motor controllers, etc., and the motor speed and torque are controlled by circuits.

(IV) Cooling system
Air cooling: Common in small fuel engines, heat is directly dissipated through the heat sinks on the cylinder block and cylinder head.
Water cooling: Some high-power engines or electric tricycle motors use it, and the coolant is circulated through water pumps and radiators (water tanks) to cool down.

(V) Lubrication system
Function: Reduce wear of internal engine parts and reduce friction resistance.
Composition: Oil pump, oil filter, oil pan, etc., lubricating oil is delivered by pressure or splashing.

(VI) Starting system
Electric starting: The crankshaft is driven by the starting motor (motor), which is common in modern tricycles.
Foot starting: The backup starting method of traditional fuel vehicles, the crankshaft is driven by the pedal.

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