ASTM A312 TP304 Stainless Steel Studded Tube for Furnances and Evaporators
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Base Tube Material | Stainless Steel, TP304, TP304L, TP309S, TP310H, TP316, TP316L |
| Length | Max 34M/PC |
| Fin Wall thickness | 0.8-3mm |
| Fin pitch | FPI: 3-25 |
| Fin height | 5-30mm |
| Product Name | Stainless Steel Studded Tube |
- Chemical & Petrochemical Plants: Used in heat exchangers, condensers, and reactors handling corrosive chemicals (acids, alkalis, hydrocarbons). Resists chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in harsh environments.
- Oil & Gas Industry: Ideal for heat recovery systems, boilers, and furnaces in refineries and offshore platforms. Withstands high temperatures and sour gas (H₂S) environments.
- Power Generation: Deployed in boilers, superheaters, and waste heat recovery units in thermal/nuclear power plants. Handles steam and high-pressure water efficiently.
- Marine & Desalination: Used in seawater desalination evaporators and shipboard heat exchangers due to excellent pitting resistance.
- Food & Pharmaceutical Processing: Suitable for hygienic heat exchangers due to its non-reactive, easy-to-clean surface.
- Pulp & Paper Industry: Resists corrosive byproducts (e.g., sulfides) in digesters and black liquor recovery boilers.
- Material: A312 TP304 (18% Cr, 8% Ni) offers excellent oxidation resistance up to 870°C (1600°F).
- Studded Fins: Enhances heat transfer efficiency by increasing surface area; studs improve turbulence.
- Corrosion Resistance: Performs well in acidic, alkaline, and chloride-rich environments (better than carbon steel).
- Weldability & Fabrication: Easily welded and formed into custom configurations.
Higher heat transfer efficiency due to increased turbulence. Better mechanical strength (studs resist erosion & vibration). Easier cleaning compared to tightly wound spiral fins. Customizable stud pitch & height for optimized performance.
TP304: Lower cost, good general corrosion resistance. TP316: Contains 2-3% Molybdenum for better chloride & pitting resistance (e.g., seawater, acidic environments). Choice depends on environment--TP316 is preferred for harsher conditions.
Yes, A312 TP304 tubes are rated for high-pressure use, but the operating limits depend on wall thickness, temperature, and stud welding integrity.
Not ideal for prolonged high temps (>500°C/932°F) due to carbide precipitation (sensitization). Weaker chloride resistance than TP316--may suffer pitting in saltwater or acidic chloride environments. Higher cost than carbon steel, but longer lifespan in corrosive settings.
Studs are resistance-welded or arc-welded onto the base tube in a staggered/helical pattern. Materials: Base tube (A312 TP304) + studs (usually same or higher-grade SS). Testing: Hydrostatic, ultrasonic (UT), or eddy current (ET) testing for quality assurance.
Consider fluid type (corrosive, abrasive, high-temp), pressure & temperature requirements, stud pitch/density (affects heat transfer & pressure drop), and material upgrade options (TP316L, 321, or duplex SS for harsher conditions).
Specialized manufacturers of heat exchanger tubing (e.g., FinTube, Salem Tube, Wieland Thermal Solutions). Custom orders are available for specific stud patterns, lengths, and testing requirements.
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