A complete paper roll is composed of multiple layers of composite materials:

• Base Paper: Paper cup base paper made from virgin wood pulp, with excellent stiffness, tensile strength, and food safety. Weight and quality vary based on paper cup purpose (cold drink cup, hot drink cup).
• Coating:
  • PE coating (Polyethylene): Most common inner and outer coating. Food-grade polyethylene plastic uniformly coated on base paper surface after high-temperature melting. Prevents leakage and penetration of liquids including water, oil, and coffee. Provides insulation for hot beverage cups.
  • PLA coating (Polylactic Acid): Bio-based biodegradable material from plants like corn and cassava. Used for environmentally friendly or compostable paper cups. Functions similarly to PE but degrades under specific industrial composting conditions.
• Printing Layer: Applied to base paper before PE coating for patterned paper cups. Typically uses flexographic printing with environmentally friendly water-based ink.