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Machining is a manufacturing process that involves removing material in a controlled manner to create a desired final shape. Because this process primarily relies on machine tools, such as machining centers, to remove material, it is often referred to as a subtractive manufacturing process, in contrast to additive manufacturing (which involves adding material).

In the turning process, the workpiece rotates around a central axis while a cutting tool removes material from the workpiece. This method is suitable for manufacturing workpieces with symmetrical shapes and can achieve high-precision machining with computer-controlled tools.

Milling involves a rotating cutting surface moving across the workpiece to create various planar shapes. The cutting shapes can range from simple straight cuts to specific angles and bevels for particular applications. A variety of milling tools are used in this process, such as bed mills, column mills, gantry mills, C-frame mills, knee mills, turret mills, and ram-type mills.

Drilling is one of the simplest machining operations, designed to move a drill bit into a workpiece to create holes. These holes can be used for inserting screws, secondary assembly, or for aesthetic purposes. Boring tools are used to enlarge previously drilled holes, typically using a single-point cutting tool. Boring primarily machines the inner diameter, while turning handles the outer diameter. Reaming is a process that slightly enlarges a drilled hole to improve accuracy and surface finish, used when the drilling tool cannot achieve the required standards.

Grinding is used to remove small amounts of unwanted material from a workpiece to increase surface finish and ensure highly accurate dimensions. This process uses an abrasive surface called a grinding wheel as the cutting tool. A wide variety of grinding tools exist, including manual and computer-controlled equipment such as angle grinders, die grinders, and bench grinders.

Planing uses a machine called a planer to create flat surfaces on a workpiece. Planers achieve cutting through the relative motion between a single-point cutting tool and the workpiece, and in addition to linear planing, they can also be used for helical planing applications.

Sawing is one of the earliest machining methods, using a sharp blade (sometimes replaced by wire or chain) with a toothed edge. It is commonly used in woodworking but also finds applications in metalworking and stone cutting.

Broaching removes unwanted material using a toothed cutting tool called a "broach." Broaching comes in two forms – linear broaching and rotary broaching, with linear broaching being more common. This process is highly effective for precision machining of small groove shapes.,