A method of connecting two or more parts by using axial force to thicken the rivets in the rivet holes of the parts and form a nail head.

Riveting dates back to 3000 BC, with the earliest discoveries originating in Egypt for wooden tool manufacturing. The Vikings used wood rivets in their ships during the 7th and 8th centuries AD. The development of the steel industry in the early 19th century solved the cracking problem of wood rivets, making structures stronger even when riveting thick materials.

Solid Round Head Rivets

One of the oldest and most reliable forms of fastening, dating back to the Bronze Age. The basic components include a shaft and head, which can be riveted using a hammer, rivet gun, or press fitting.

Rivets are commonly used in applications requiring high reliability and safety, such as aircraft, medieval armor, jewelry, and metal decorations.

Types of Rivets:

• Semi-circular head rivets
• Flat head rivets
• Countersunk head rivets
• Semi-hollow rivets
• Solid rivets
• Sub-mother rivets
• Step rivets

Flat Head Rivets

Primarily used on metal exterior surfaces requiring better appearance and reduced air resistance. Typically fitted inside countersunk holes, commonly used in aircraft external mounting.

Copper parts are widely used across industries due to their excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and plasticity. Key applications include:

Electrical Industry:

Primarily in wire and cable manufacturing for power transmission and distribution, especially in renewable energy sectors like wind and solar power.

Electronic Information Industry:

Used in printed circuit boards (PCBs), connectors, and other components, with growing demand driven by 5G technology adoption.

Basic Knowledge:

Stainless steel is an alloy material with corrosion resistance, primarily composed of iron, chromium, and nickel. These elements provide excellent oxidation resistance, durability, and aesthetic appeal.

Maintenance Methods:

• Clean with mild detergents and soft cloth
• Avoid acidic/alkaline cleaners
• Use stainless steel stain removers for stubborn dirt
• Alcohol or vinegar can be effective cleaners

201, 304, and 316 are austenitic stainless steels, typically non-magnetic. The corrosion resistance comes from chromium oxide protective layers. At temperatures between 450°-900°C, chromium carbide forms along crystal edges, reducing corrosion resistance (intergranular corrosion). Low-carbon variants (304L, 316L) minimize this effect.