A method of connecting two or more parts by using axial force to thicken the rivets in the rivet holes of the parts and form a nail head.

Riveting dates back to 3000 BC, with the earliest discoveries originating in Egypt for wooden tool manufacturing. Later, wood rivets were used for fastening, including by Vikings in their ships during the 7th-8th centuries AD. The development of the steel industry solved the cracking issues of wood rivets, allowing metal rivets to create stronger structures, even when riveting thick materials.

While other joining technologies have developed, riveting remains widely used in applications including aviation, aerospace, marine, vehicles, air conditioning, and furniture.

One of the oldest and most reliable forms of fastening, dating to the Bronze Age. These rivets consist of a shaft and head, riveted by hammer or rivet gun, and can also be press-fitted.

Commonly used in high-reliability applications like aircraft, and historically in medieval armor, jewelry, and metal decorations. While high-strength structural steel rivets have been largely replaced by bolts due to installation complexity, they remain important in specialized applications.

Various rivet types exist for different applications:

• Round head rivets: For applications with larger lateral loads
• Flat cone head rivets: Used in ship hulls and boiler tanks for corrosion resistance
• Countersunk head rivets: For smooth surfaces with light loads
• Semi-countersunk head rivets: Similar to countersunk but for slightly different applications

Primarily used on metal exterior surfaces requiring better appearance and reduced air resistance. Typically fitted in countersunk holes, they're commonly used in aircraft external mounting.

Copper parts are widely used across industries due to their excellent conductivity, corrosion resistance, and plasticity. Key applications include:

Primarily in wire and cable manufacturing due to copper's superior conductivity. Essential for power transmission, distribution, and renewable energy systems like wind and solar power.

Used in printed circuit boards (PCBs), connectors, and other components. The 5G technology expansion has increased demand for high-performance copper components.

Brass (copper-zinc alloy) offers varying properties based on composition. Common grades include:

• Alloy 260: Cartridge brass for ammunition, automotive, and hardware
• Alloy 272: For industrial and construction applications
• Alloy 330: Ideal for pipe production
• Alloy 353: Clock brass for precision components
• Alloy 360: Free-cutting brass for fasteners and valves
• Alloy 385: Architectural bronze for building applications