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Overview
Meteorological towers are facilities for observing the vertical distribution of meteorological elements in the atmospheric boundary layer. With the development of atmospheric boundary and pollution spread research, after the Second World War, countries around the world built a special meteorological tower equipped with various meteorological observation instruments. At the beginning, the tower height was about 100 meters, and later it was more than 400 meters. of. In addition, the use of television towers, telecommunications towers and other installations of meteorological instruments for observation, the height is higher. In 1979, China built the first dedicated meteorological tower with a height of 320 meters in the northern suburbs of Beijing.
structure

The installation height of the instrument on the meteorological tower can be determined according to the needs and the possibility, usually the density is sparse, and the logarithmic is equally spaced. There are two types of instruments on the tower: one is a vertical gradient observation instrument that measures the distribution of temperature, humidity, and wind with the height; the other is a measurement instrument for atmospheric turbulence that continuously measures the instantaneous values ​​of temperature and wind speed. The time constant is small and the observation accuracy is high (see ground meteorological observation instrument).
In order to avoid the influence of the tower body on the airflow and temperature, the instrument should be placed on the extension rod far from the tower body, and it is best to install two sets of instruments in the direction of 180 degrees at the same time, so that according to the wind direction at that time, select the A set of readings. In order to make the instruments at all heights highly comparable, the instrument performance must be the same, and parallel comparisons are often required. Telemetry instruments are used on the tower, equipped with computer systems to automate observation procedures and recording, data storage and processing [1]. The requirements for the meteorological tower site are mainly determined by the purpose of building the tower. If used to study the basic laws of the atmospheric boundary layer, the meteorological tower should be built in a uniform and flat surface. If used to study the boundary layer atmosphere and environmental pollution in a particular site, the meteorological tower should be built in the site.